Qari Zahed, who purportedly taught Quran in his house in Waziristan region, actually persuaded young students to join the terrorist group.
Police say he has recruited at least 16 teenagers for the Taliban and was brainwashing six more when he was arrested.
Extremist groups sometimes exploit Quranic classes in Pakistan for recruiting the youth.
Pakistan has been facing security challenges and a surge in extremism since it joined an alliance with the US in the so-called war on terror in 2001.