IQNA - Abin da ya bambanta makarantar karatun Masar da sauran motsin karatu, musamman salon da ya mamaye Tekun Farisa, shine kusanci mai zurfi da masu karatun Masar suka kafa tsakanin ka'idoji da koyarwar karanta Alqur'ani Mai Tsarki da fahimtar maqam na kiɗa.
Kodayake Masar ita ce asalin wurin da aka haifi fasahar karatu a duniyar Musulunci, a cikin yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na zamani muna shaida "mantawar makarantu na gaske a hankali" da "rabuwa tsakanin sabbin tsararrun masu karatu da gadon magabatansu." A yau, wasu karatun kasuwanci da na sama sun maye gurbin karatun fasaha da tunani, kuma dabarun ƙarshe, farawa, sautin, da tajweed, waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga ƙarni na gogewa na ƙwararrun Masarawa, ba a rubuta su da kyau ba kuma an gabatar da su.
A cikin jerin rahotanni, IKNA na da nufin sake gano ci gaban wannan fasaha, daga "tsohuwar makaranta" zuwa fitowar "masu hazaka na karatu", yayin da suke gano yanayin da ake ciki, da kuma kafa gada tsakanin dabarun Masar na asali da buƙatun fasaha na masu sauraron Alƙur'ani na yau, ta yadda fasahar karatu ta dawo daga "al'ada kawai ta kwaikwayi" zuwa "rayuwa da kwararar kuzari". Wannan saboda karatun alfarma na yau ya samo asali ne daga makarantar Masar ta gargajiya, kuma fahimtar wannan tsari na tarihi yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar sahihancin karatu. Hakanan, daidai da ƙirar fasaha, gabatar da salo da sabbin abubuwa na majagaba na Masar shine mafi kyawun samfurin ga matasa masu karatu don inganta ƙa'idodin fasaha da ruhaniya na karatu.
Al-Mayadeen ya rubuta a cikin wani rahoto kan wannan batu: Makarantar karatun Alƙur'ani ta Masar wani tsari ne mai ban mamaki wanda manyan masu karatu suka ƙirƙira tsawon tsararraki da yawa. Abin da ya bambanta makarantar karatun Masar da sauran hanyoyin karatu, musamman salon da ya shahara a yankin Tekun Farisa wanda ya shahara a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata tare da taimakon kafofin sada zumunta da tauraron dan adam, shine babban alaƙar da masu karatun Masar suka ƙulla tsakanin ƙa'idodi da koyarwar karatun Alƙur'ani Mai Tsarki da fahimtar hukumomin kiɗa.
Wannan ba shi da alaƙa da waƙa ko koyon kunna kayan kida, sai dai fahimtar mai karatu game da yuwuwar muryarsa da makogwaronsa da kuma daidaita su da fassarar ma'anonin ayoyin Alƙur'ani Mai Tsarki, tare da girmamawa, tsoro da bege na buɗewa ta Allah, nasara da aljanna yayin karatu, wani abu da manyan malamai na makarantar karatun Masar suka fahimta sosai har ma suka yi fice a ciki, ko ta hanyar yanayi ko ta hanyar karatu.
Samun sanin Abdul Wahab da Muhammad Rifaat
Yawancin manyan masu karatun Masar sun so kiɗa kuma sun koyi ta a fannin aiki. Misali, Sheikh Muhammad Rifaat yana da ayyukan Beethoven da Mozart, kamar yadda Sheikh Mahmoud al-Banna ya koyi makaman kiɗa a fannin aiki a ƙarƙashin Sheikh Darwish al-Hariri, wanda shi ne malamin kiɗa na Muhammad Abdul-Wahhab.
Amma Abdul-Wahhab ko Umm Kulthum sun nemi masu karatu don su koyi fasahar waƙa da makaman kiɗa, kuma suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da wasu daga cikin shehunan.
Ayman al-Hakim ya rubuta cikakkun bayanai game da wannan alaƙar a cikin littafinsa, "Zabura ta Alƙur'ani," kuma ya ambaci ɗan Sheikh Mustafa Ismail yana cewa: "Wata rana, mahaifina yana yin rikodin karatunsa na mako-mako a ginin rediyo, kuma yayin da yake barin ginin, ya yi mamakin shigar Umm Kulthum. Lokacin da Umm Kulthum ta gan ta, ta je wurinta don ta yi shawara da ita game da wata waƙa da ta yi rikodin, domin ta ji akwai matsala a ciki. Da mahaifina ya ji ta, sai ya gaya mata matsalar da ke tattare da waƙar."
Duk lokacin da ya je wurin Sheikh Muhammad Rifaat, Abdul Wahab ya zama ɗalibi, ko kuma kamar yadda ya kira shi, "bawan shehu," kuma ya kasance mai sauraro da kuma abokin manyan masu karatu kamar Sheikh Mustafa Ismail da Abdul Baset Abdul Samad.
Taha Muhammad Abdul Wahab ƙwararre ne a fannin maqams da murya, alkalamin ƙasa da ƙasa a Masar da ƙasashen Larabawa, kuma digirin digirgir a fannin maqams na Alƙur'ani wanda ya koyar da wasu fitattun masu karatu. Abdul Wahab ya yi karatu tare da Sheikh Muhammad Rifaat da Ali Mahmoud. Umm Kulthum ta yi karatu tare da Sheikh Abu al-Ala Muhammad da Zakaria Ahmed, dukkansu masu karatu ne a asali, haka kuma tare da mahaifin wakokin Masar na zamani, Sheikh kuma mai karatu na Masar, Othman Hassan, wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 1800.
Dangane da wannan, Sheikh Muhammad Mutawalli al-Shaarawi ya gabatar da wani kyakkyawan tsari na makarantar karatu a Masar, yana cewa: "Duk wanda yake son ya ƙware a karatu, ya saurari Sheikh Al-Husri; duk wanda yake son tsarkin murya, ya saurari Sheikh Abdul Basit; duk wanda yake son tawali'u, ya saurari Al-Minshawi; duk wanda yake son fasaha a karatu, ya saurari Sheikh Mustafa Ismail; kuma duk wanda yake son duk waɗannan, ya saurari Sheikh Muhammad Rifaat, domin shi ne makarantar kiɗa."
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