Judaism is an Abrahamic religion whose prophet is Moses (AS) and whose sacred book is the Torah.
In the Quran, Jews are not introduced as a race but as a religious group, while Bani Isra’il are mentioned as a people.
The Quran's view of Jews is relatively negative, but Bani Isra’il is a people that the Quran looks at from different angles.
Bani Isra’il were a people who were the descendants of those who boarded Noah’s Ark. (Verses 2-3 of Surah Al-Isra)
They were the descendants of Prophet Yaqub (Jacob) chosen by God from among all others. (Verse 47 of Surah Al-Baqarah) He sent His book, as well as many of His messengers –from Moses (AS) to Jesus (AS) to them, and revealed many of His signs to them. (Verse 211 of Surah Al-Baqarah)
They were expected to remain committed to the pledge they had made with God. (Verse 40 of Surah Al-Baqarah)
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But what did they do? They broke their promise, started worshipping idols and left Moses (AS) alone. (Verses 20-26 of Surah Al-Ma’idah) They abandoned the book of God and rejected the prophets and killed some of them. (Verse 70 of Surah Al-Ma’idah) And in the end they became Kafir to the religion itself so “Those who disbelieved of the Children of Israel were cursed by the tongue of (Prophets) David and Jesus.” (Verse 78 of Surah Al-Ma’idah)
Nonetheless, God id not destroy them and kept the path open for them to return to His mercy. (Verse 8 of Surah Al-Isra)