The attack by a suicide bomber left 31 people dead and tens more injured, Al-Alam news network reported.
The suicide bomber detonated his explosives-laden belt inside the religious center.
In a separate attack on Tuesday, a bomb went off at Abu Jafar Mansour Square, west of Baghdad, injuring 4 people.
Terrorist attacks across Iraq yesterday killed a total of 51 people and wounded dozens.
The level of violence has risen and sectarian tensions have spiked in Iraq in recent months.
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