Wani mai bincike ya zurfafa a cikin karatun Littafi Mai-Tsarki a cikin tafsirin Ibn Barraǧān da al-Biqā'ī
Roy Michael McCoy, mai bincike kuma marubuci, ya ba da haske game da bincikensa na baya-bayan nan yayin da yake jawabi a wata lacca ta kan layi wanda Cibiyar Inekas ta shirya a farkon Satumba 2024.
An zabo maganganun McCoy da yawa daga littafinsa, Tafsīr al-Quran bi-l-Kitab: Karatun Littafi Mai Tsarki na Larabci a cikin Tafsīrs na Ibn Barraǧān da al-Biqā'ī, wanda ya yi nazari kan yadda tafsirin musulmi biyu masu tasiri, Ibn Barraǧān na Al-Andalus-Dākān al-Dāmān al-Burān al-Burhan. Siriya da Masar, sun yi amfani da nassosin Yahudawa da na Kirista a cikin tafsirin Alqur'ani.
Ta hanyar lacca nasa, McCoy ya yi nuni ga bambance-bambancen da ba a fahimta ba tukuna a cikin manufofinsu da hanyoyinsu — bambance-bambancen da aka tsara ta lokaci, labarin kasa, da mahalli na hankali.
Dukansu Ibn Barraǧān da al-Biqā'ī suna amfani da "kayan Littafi Mai Tsarki don yin bayani da kuma faɗaɗa wasu wurare a cikin Alƙur'ani," McCoy ya bayyana, yana mai lura da cewa, duk da haka, abubuwan da suka motsa su da tsarin tafsiri sun bambanta.
Ayyukan tafsirin da aka fi sani da tafsīr al-Quran bi-l-Kitab—a zahiri, tafsirin Alqur’ani ta hanyar Littafi, ma’ana Littafi Mai-Tsarki—yana da tushe a cikin tarihin Musulunci wanda galibi ana yin watsi da su a cikin maganganun zamani. Ayyukan McCoy sun gano wannan hanya ta hanyar gudummawar ilimi na Ibn Barraǧān (d. 536/1141) da al-Biqā'ī (d. 885/1480).
Ibn Barraǧān, wanda ya rayu a cikin al'adu dabam-dabam na al-Andalus na ƙarni na 12, an san shi da haɗin kai na tunani na nassi tare da sufanci. Amfani da nassoshi na Littafi Mai Tsarki—musamman Attaura da Linjila—ya samo asali ne daga neman jigogi da ma’ana tsakanin Alƙur’ani da nassosi na farko, in ji mai binciken.
"Ibn Barraǧān ya auri wani nau'i na tafsirin Alqur'ani, wanda aka fi sani da i'tibār, ko kuma jujjuyawar tunani," in ji shi, ya kara da cewa yana game da fallasa tsarin Allah da sifofi na zahiri da ke danganta nassi da nassi.
Ga Ibn Barraǧān, tafsirin Alqur'ani ta hanyar nassosi na Littafi Mai Tsarki ba aiki ne na ƙaya-ƙaya ba amma na ta'ammul— zurfafa tunani. Tafsirinsa ya yi amfani da abin da aka nakalto daga Littafi Mai Tsarki don ya haskaka abin da ya yi imani cewa jitu ce ta ɓoye, in ji mai binciken.
Ɗaya daga cikin misalan da McCoy ya bayar daga tafsirin Ibn Barraǧān shine labarin Adamu da Hauwa'u. A cikin tafsirinsa na ayoyin Alqur’ani kamar suratu Al-A’raf (7:19–25), Ibn Barraǧān ya ja hankali ga bishiyu na lambun Adnin—Bishiyar rai da Itacen sanin nagarta da mugunta—kamar yadda suka zo a cikin Farawa. Wadannan, in ji shi, ana iya danganta su ta alama da dokokin Allah da hane-hane a cikin Alkur'ani.
"Haɗin kai yana ba da mafi bayyanan misalan alaƙar hadisai tsakanin hanyoyin Ibn Barajan na tafsirin Alqur'ani da na Littafi Mai-Tsarki," in ji shi.
Akasin haka, Burhan al-Dīn al-Biqā’ī, wanda ya rayu a Damascus na ƙarni na 15 kuma daga baya a Alkahira, ya yi aiki cikin wani tsari mai cike da ruɗani. Kamar yadda McCoy ya nanata, al-Biqā'ī ya sa hannu tare da matani na Littafi Mai Tsarki da farko tiyoloji ne. Ya nemi ya tabbatar da halaccin aikin Annabi Muhammad (SAW) ta amfani da Littafi Mai-Tsarki—musamman ta hanyar annabce-annabce da makamantansu.
Ganin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin tafki na hujjoji, Al-Biqā’ī ya yi nufin nuna cewa Al-Qur’ani da annabcin Muhammad (SAW) ba wai kawai sun yi daidai da nassosin Allah na farko ba, amma ana tsammaninsa.
Yayin da Ibn Barraǧān ya juya ga Littafi Mai-Tsarki don gano zurfafan ra'ayoyin ruhaniya, al-Biqā'ī ya yi amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki na gardama, McCoy ya ce, ya ƙara da cewa, Naẓm al-Durar, sanannen sharhin Alƙur'ani, akai-akai yana ambaton Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci da Sabon Alkawari don tallafawa tauhidin Musulunci.
Fahimtar bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan tafsirin biyu yana buƙatar duba cikin mahallinsu. Ibn Barraǧān ya bunƙasa a lokacin da Musulmai, Yahudawa, da Kirista suka zauna tare a hankali, musamman a garuruwa kamar Seville. Yanayin Andalusi ya sauƙaƙe sha'awar ruhaniya da buɗaɗɗe ga fassarar rubutu, in ji McCoy.
Sabanin haka, al-Biqā'ī ya yi aiki a wani yanayi na daban inda ba da uzuri da ra'ayoyinsu suka kasance babban abin damuwa a zamanin Mamluk, musamman a Damascus da Alkahira.
